Innovation of Smart Irrigation System Based on Internet of Things (IoT) for Efficient Water Use on Agricultural Land
Keywords:
Irrigation, IoT, Efficiency, Productivity, AgricultureAbstract
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a smart irrigation system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) in improving water use efficiency, maintaining soil stability, increasing crop productivity, and reducing operational costs in agricultural practices.
Subjects and Methods: The research was conducted on chili plants (Capsicum annuum) using a field experiment approach with two treatments: conventional irrigation (manual, schedule-based) and IoT-based smart irrigation. The IoT system consisted of soil moisture and temperature sensors integrated with a microcontroller to automatically regulate water supply according to real-time soil conditions. Data were collected on water consumption, soil moisture and temperature stability, crop productivity, labor costs, and farmer satisfaction. Quantitative descriptive analysis was applied to compare the two systems, while an independent sample t-test was used to test the significance of differences in water efficiency and productivity. Farmer satisfaction was measured using a Likert scale questionnaire.
Results: The findings showed that the IoT-based irrigation system reduced water usage by 63% compared to the conventional method, while maintaining soil moisture within the optimal range of 40–55%. Crop productivity increased by 27% in terms of average yield per plant, and fruit quality also improved. Operational costs decreased by 25% and working hours for irrigation were reduced by 60%. Farmers reported higher satisfaction with the IoT system, rating it more practical and efficient.
Conclusions: IoT-based smart irrigation effectively improves water efficiency, stabilizes soil conditions, enhances crop productivity, and reduces costs. This innovation demonstrates strong potential to support sustainable agriculture and address water resource challenges.
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