Analysis Of Calculation, Withholding and Reporting of Article 23 Income Tax for Cleaning Services at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Paotere Unit in Makassar

Authors

  • Muhammad Akbardin Interest Area Tax Management, Management Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Makassar Author
  • Jumriani Interest Area Tax Management, Management Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Makassar Author
  • Resmi Interest Area Tax Management, Management Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Makassar Author
  • Yulianti Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Makassar Author
  • Heril Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Makassar Author

Keywords:

Pelindo IV, Tax, Income Tax Article 23

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the calculation of Income Tax Article 23 on cleaning service fees, examine the tax withholding conducted on such services, and evaluate the tax reporting submitted to the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP).

Subjects and Methods: The subject of this study is PT Pelindo (Persero) Paotere Area Unit in relation to its tax obligations for cleaning service transactions with ISS Indonesia. The study uses a descriptive evaluative approach by examining the procedures for calculating, withholding, and reporting Income Tax Article 23 on cleaning service fees and comparing them with the applicable Indonesian tax regulations.

Results: The results indicate that the implementation of the calculation, withholding, and reporting of Income Tax Article 23 on cleaning service fees by PT Pelindo (Persero) Paotere Area Unit uses a tax rate of 2% of gross income because ISS Indonesia possesses a Taxpayer Identification Number (NPWP), which is in accordance with the provisions of Indonesian Income Tax Law No. 36 of 2008. Differences in the taxable object value occur each month due to varying cleaning service needs and differences in worker attendance, causing fluctuations in the income received by the service provider.

Conclusions: The study concludes that the mechanism for calculating, withholding, and reporting Income Tax Article 23 on cleaning service fees by PT Pelindo (Persero) Paotere Area Unit is fully compliant with the prevailing tax mechanisms in Indonesia and aligns with the provisions of Income Tax Law No. 36 of 2008.

References

Arnold, B. J. (2019). Tax administration and withholding systems in developing countries. Bulletin for International Taxation, 73(5), 201–214.

Azizah, N. N., Sondakh, J., & Kalalo, M. (2015). Analysis of withholding and reporting of income tax article 23 on outsourcing services. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi, 10(2), 88–101.

Bird, R. M. (2015). Improving tax administration in developing economies. Journal of Tax Administration, 1(1), 23–45.

Cobham, A. (2005). Tax evasion, tax avoidance and development finance. QEH Working Paper Series, 129, 1–20.

Devos, K. (2014). Factors influencing taxpayer compliance behaviour. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7476-6

Directorate General of Taxes. (2024). Article 23 withholding tax technical guideline. Jakarta: DGT.

Fortuna, C. D. (2022). Implementation of Article 23 income tax on service transactions in Indonesia. Jurnal Pajak Indonesia, 6(1), 33–44.

Gangl, K., Hofmann, E., & Kirchler, E. (2015). Tax authorities’ interaction with taxpayers. Journal of Economic Psychology, 52, 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.09.004

Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. (2010). A review of tax research. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 50(2–3), 127–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002

James, S., & Alley, C. (2004). Tax compliance, self-assessment and administration. Journal of Finance and Management in Public Services, 2(2), 27–42.

Kagiling, R., Manossoh, H., & Elim, I. (2023). Analysis of calculation, withholding, deposit, and reporting of Article 23 income tax. Jurnal EMBA, 11(2), 45–57.

Kirchler, E. (2007). The economic psychology of tax behaviour. Cambridge University Press.

Kirchler, E., Hoelzl, E., & Wahl, I. (2008). Enforced versus voluntary tax compliance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 29(2), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2007.05.004

Luttmer, E. F. P., & Singhal, M. (2014). Tax morale. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.4.149

Mardiasmo. (2021). Perpajakan (Latest ed.). Yogyakarta: Andi.

McKerchar, M. (2017). Designing and conducting research in tax, law and accounting. Lawbook.

Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. (2015). Regulation of the Minister of Finance No. 141/PMK.03/2015 concerning other services subject to Article 23.

Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. (2022). Regulation of the Minister of Finance No. 59/PMK.03/2022 concerning tax withholding procedures.

Nugraha, A., & Kusairi, S. (2024). Challenges in implementing withholding tax compliance under Article 23. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Perpajakan, 9(1), 15–28.

OECD. (2022). Tax administration 2022. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/1e797131-en

Palil, M. R. (2010). Tax knowledge and tax compliance determinants. African Journal of Business Management, 4(7), 1422–1436.

Pertiwi, I. R. (2014). Analysis of calculation, withholding, and reporting of income tax article 23 at PT Unisem Batam. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 5(1), 51–62.

Pohan, C. A. (2021). Pedoman lengkap pajak internasional. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Republic of Indonesia. (2008). Law Number 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax.

Resmi, S. (2022). Perpajakan: Teori dan kasus (13th ed.). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Richardson, G. (2006). Determinants of tax evasion. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 15(2), 150–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2006.08.005

Saad, N. (2014). Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 1069–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.590

Slemrod, J. (2019). Tax compliance and enforcement. Journal of Economic Literature, 57(4), 904–954. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20181437

Suandy, E. (2016). Hukum pajak. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Torgler, B. (2007). Tax compliance and tax morale. Edward Elgar.

Tyler, T. R. (2006). Why people obey the law (2nd ed.). Princeton University Press.

Wadesango, N., Mwandambira, N., Mhaka, C., & Wadesango, O. (2018). Literature review of tax knowledge and tax compliance. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, 6(2), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.2478/ijek-2018-0014

Waluyo. (2020). Perpajakan Indonesia (13th ed.). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Wiliansyah, A. (2017). Mechanism for withholding, depositing, and reporting article 23 income tax at PT Pelindo III. Jurnal Perpajakan Indonesia, 3(2), 70–84.

Downloads

Published

2026-06-25

How to Cite

Analysis Of Calculation, Withholding and Reporting of Article 23 Income Tax for Cleaning Services at PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (Persero) Paotere Unit in Makassar. (2026). Journal of Economic Trends and Management, 2(4), 107-116. https://pppii.org/index.php/jem/article/view/207