The Relationship Between Ergonomic Risk Exposure and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Medical Rehabilitation Workers
Keywords:
Ergonomic Risk , Musculoskeletal Disorders , Medical Rehabilitation Workers, Occupational Ergonomics , Healthcare WorkersAbstract
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between ergonomic risk exposure and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among medical rehabilitation workers through a systematic synthesis of existing literature.
Subjects and Methods: A systematic literature review with a PRISMA-based approach was conducted, including 32 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2025. Data were extracted and analyzed using a combination of descriptive statistical techniques (frequency and percentage distributions) and thematic synthesis. Comparative analysis was also applied to identify patterns, variations, and the strength of associations across studies.
Results: The findings indicate that most studies employed cross-sectional designs and were predominantly conducted in Asia. Ergonomic risk exposure was largely categorized as moderate to very high, with MSD prevalence frequently exceeding 70%. The most affected body regions were the lower back, neck, and shoulders. Key risk factors included non-neutral posture, repetitive movement, and manual handling, often compounded by organizational factors such as high workload and limited ergonomic support. A strong and consistent relationship between ergonomic risk and MSDs was observed across studies.
Conclusions: Ergonomic risks are systemic in rehabilitation work and significantly contribute to MSDs. Effective prevention requires integrated interventions addressing both biomechanical and organizational factors to improve worker health and sustainability.
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